--- I ---

Investor
Any party that invests in a JI/CDM project to reduce GHGs in exchange of ERU/CER delivery.

--- J ---

JI Joint Implementation
Joint Implementation is one of the three flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. The difference between JI and CDM is geographical. In the case of JI projects, both countries have to have a reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. A CDM project must take place in a country that has no reduction commitments, normally developing countries, with a view to stimulating sustainable development. JI projects generate ERUs. (Emission Reduction Certificates). ERUs may only be generated during the Kyoto protocols 1st commitment period from 2008-2012.

--- K ---

Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is the treaty that outlines the GHG reduction goals for participating countries and designates the flexible mechanisms and emission trading as methods of realising reduction targets. Two of the major emitters, the US and Australia, have not ratified the protocol that came into force on February 16th 2005.

--- L ---

Leakage
Leakages are any GHG emissions that occur outside of the project boundary as a result of the project.

LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
See Sinks/sequestration

--- M ---

Marrakech Accords
The Marrakech Accords set out the detailed requirements for CDM projects. They are named after the meeting at which they were agreed – the 7th Conference of Parties to the Climate Convention in Marrakech, Morocco, in 2001.

Monitoring and Verification
Emissions from a CDM project are monitored according to the PDD. After they have been verified by a DOE, the DOE confirms that carbon credits can be issued.

--- N ---

--- O ---

ODA
Official Development Assistance. ODA can only be used for the development of a Gold Standard project for very specific activities. This is to ensure that the investments in the project are additional to ODA investments that, if used for CDM projects, could not be used for another activity.

--- P ---

Project Boundary
Each CDM project has to identify a ‘project boundary' which covers the area that will be affected by variations in emissions that can be attributed to the project. This is needed in order to calculate final reductions so credits can be issued.

Project Design Document (PDD)
The PDD drawn up by the Executive Board details all aspects of the CDM project from the methodology to be used to the sustainability matrix requirements. It describes how the project meets the validation requirements and is the main document assessed by the validator. It is also made available for criticism during the 30 day public comment period.

The Gold Standard PDD is fully compatible with the standard PDD in that Gold Standard specific information is either submitted under existing PDD headings or in separate Annexes. For a project to register under the Gold Standard, its PDD needs to remain available to the public through the Gold Standard project registry.

Project Type Screen
The Gold Standard is restricted to Renewable Energy and end-use energy efficiency improvement projects. This screen filters out projects that are not eligible for the Gold Standard.

The rationale behind this screen is to boost investments in technologies that lead to lasting changes in the patterns of energy generation and consumption.